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ENG2001-英文代写
时间：2023-11-26
ENG 2001
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC
PURPOSES II
Week 11 Session 2
Dr. Leo Xiaohua Liu
OUTLINE
• Session review
• Abstract
• Reference list
• Appendices
• Final research paper
2
SESSION REVIEW
• Discussion:
1. Identify your key findings
2. Explain/interpret your findings
3. Compare your findings with the findings of other studies (+ explain possible causes of
differences)
• Conclusions:
4. Summarize the entire study (you can omit this if you combine these two sections)
5. Highlight the significance of the findings or major contributions
6. Identify weaknesses or limitations of the study
7. Identify areas/topics for further research
4
SESSION REVIEW
ABSTRACT
What is an abstract?
A short form of an article, giving only the most important facts or ideas
• Although the abstract is the first section of the report, it is usually written
at the final stage.
• This is because it is a summary or an overview of the whole paper and it is
easier to write after you have finished the whole paper.
6
ABSTRACT
Information in the abstract typically answers the following questions and is ordered in the
following sequence:
1. What is the research topic and why is it important? (introduction)
2. What is already known and yet to be known about the topic (literature review)
3. What is the present study about and how it was done? (research aim and methods)
4. What are the main findings/results? (results)
5. What do those results mean for the research field/society? (implications or significance)
7Can you find the above elements in the example abstract on the next page?
ABSTRACT
8Micro-needle patches (MNPs) offer a low-cost but effective alternative to
traditional vaccination via intramuscular injection. Improving current methods of
vaccination is vital to boost vaccination rates in developing countries. Some
studies have shown that MNPs are well-tolerated and accepted by humans, but
have not specifically focused on self-administered MNPs. Therefore, to determine
how self-administration would affect the tolerability and acceptability of MNPs,
we recruited 15 subjects who self-administered MNPs carrying a placebo. Skin
reactions were documented over a seven-day period after vaccination, then the
participants were surveyed to determine their experience of MNPs compared to
other vaccine delivery methods. Overall, participants experienced few side-effects
and little pain, and were overwhelmingly positive about the use of MNPs. These
results in tolerability and acceptability suggest that MNPs could be a more
attractive vaccination delivery method than the current ones, which could lead to
higher vaccination rates in developing countries.
9Micro-needle patches (MNPs) offer a low-cost but effective alternative to
traditional vaccination via intramuscular injection. Improving current methods of
vaccination is vital to boost vaccination rates in developing countries. Some
studies have shown that MNPs are well-tolerated and accepted by humans, but
have not specifically focused on self-administered MNPs. Therefore, to determine
how self-administration would affect the tolerability and acceptability of MNPs,
we recruited 15 subjects who self-administered MNPs carrying a placebo. Skin
reactions were documented over a seven-day period after vaccination, then the
participants were surveyed to determine their experience of MNPs compared to
other vaccine delivery methods. Overall, participants experienced few side-
effects and little pain, and were overwhelmingly positive about the use of MNPs.
These results in tolerability and acceptability suggest that MNPs could be a more
attractive vaccination delivery method than the current ones, which could lead to
higher vaccination rates in developing countries.
INTRODUCTION/LITERATURE REVIEW/RESEARCH AIM & METHODS/FINDINGS/IMPLICATIONS OR
SIGNICIANCE
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Refer to APA 7 guidelines on BB.
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Articles in academic journals
o Basic Form
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume
number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
o Article in Print Journal
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5–13.
12
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Articles in academic journals
o Article in Electronic Journal
Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-
oriented digital research with service-learning. Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and
International Engagement, 6(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979
o DOIs may not always be available. In these cases, use a URL.
Denny, H., Nordlof, J., & Salem, L. (2018). "Tell me exactly what it was that I was doing that was so bad":
Understanding the needs and expectations of working-class students in writing centers. Writing Center
Journal, 37(1), 67–98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26537363
13
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Articles in periodicals
o Article in a Magazine
Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better late than never. Time, 135(17), 20–21.
o Article in a Newspaper
Schultz, S. (2005, December). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country
Today, 1A, 2A.
o Review
Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book The self-
knower: A hero under control, by R. A. Wicklund]. Contemporary Psychology, 38(5),
466–467. 14
• Books
o Basic Format
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher Name.
Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Pineau, T. R. (2018). Mindful sport performance enhancement: Mental training for
athletes and coaches. American Psychological Association.
o Edited Book, No Author
Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher.
Leitch, M. G., & Rushton, C. J. (Eds.). (2019). A new companion to Malory . D. S. Brewer.
o Edited Book with an Author or Authors
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher.
Malory, T. (2017). Le morte darthur (P. J. C. Field, Ed.). D. S. Brewer. (Original work published 1469-70) 15
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Books
o A Translation
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (T. Translator,
Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published YEAR)
Plato (1989). Symposium (A. Nehamas & P. Woodruff, Trans.). Hackett Publishing Company.
(Original work published ca. 385-378 BCE)
o Edition Other Than the First
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (# ed.). Publisher.
Belcher, W. (2019). Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic publishing
success (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
16
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Book chapter
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor
(Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher.
Csizér, K., & Kormos, J. (2009). Learning experiences, selves and motivated learning behaviour. In Z. Dörnyei
& E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 98-119). Multilingual Matters.
• Webpage or piece of online content
If the page names an individual author, cite their name first:
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist . Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-
does-not-exist-3af27e312d01
17
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Works in another language
To cite a work that is in another language, provide the author, date, title, and
source of the work in the original language as well as a translation of the title in
square brackets after the title and before the period.
Journal article:
Gao, Y. (1994). 生产性双语现象考察[On productive bilingualism]. 外语教学与研究, 3(1),
59-64.
Book:
Chinese Ministry of Education. (2003). 普通高中英语课程标准（实验稿）[English
curriculum standards for senior high schools (Trial version)]. People’s
Education Press. 18
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
USEFUL LINK
The Unviersity of Auckland
ReferenCite - Quick©ite - APA - Webpage
• http://www.cite.auckland.ac.nz/2_1_5.html
•
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_a
nd_style_guide/general_format.html
• https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/subject-guides/edu/docs/APAbooklet.pdf
USEFUL LINK
• For finding DOI information
https://www.crossref.org/guestquery/
Some (especially old) articles may not have DOI; in that case, use the
article’s URL
EXERCISE
Group activity:
Please work with your groupmates to identify mistakes in the reference list
in Exercise 1 on BB.
APPENDICES
• Appendices typically include your instruments and any other detailed
information (in forms of tables, figures or pictures) that has not been
included in your main text but may help your readers understand your
study.
• Different appendices are normally lettered (Appendix A, Appendix B,
Appendix C, …)
• After “Appendix A”, there should be a title summarizing the content of
the information attached
23
APPENDICES
24
25
26
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER
• Requirements: a research paper of 1200 - 1500 words (excluding abstract,
references and appendix) with the following sections:
Title
Abstract (within 150 words)
Introduction
Literature review
Research question(s)
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References in APA7 Style (at least 5 REPUTABLE sources in English)
Appendix(ces)
28
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER
CAN BE COMBINED
CAN BE COMBINED
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER
29
(C) Methods
Abstract
(B) Introduction &
Literature review
(A) Results
(D) Discussion (&
Conclusion)
Recommended formatting rules:
• Times New Roman font, 12 pt., 1.5 line-spaced
• First line of each paragraph indented
• Normal margins
• Citation: APA7
• You are recommended to use the template on BB
Submission
• Digital copy (on BB – Research Paper Submission Folder) submitted by Thursday 11:59pm 14
December 2023
• File name: L09/L10/L11/L12_Name.doc (NO PDF!)
• Please submit a hardcopy at TB543 before the deadline as well.
30
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER
HOMEWORK
HOMEWORK
• Write up your Abstract and polish your paper
• Tidy up your references according to the APA 7 referencing style
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC
PURPOSES II
Week 11 Session 2
Dr. Leo Xiaohua Liu
OUTLINE
• Session review
• Abstract
• Reference list
• Appendices
• Final research paper
2
SESSION REVIEW
• Discussion:
1. Identify your key findings
2. Explain/interpret your findings
3. Compare your findings with the findings of other studies (+ explain possible causes of
differences)
• Conclusions:
4. Summarize the entire study (you can omit this if you combine these two sections)
5. Highlight the significance of the findings or major contributions
6. Identify weaknesses or limitations of the study
7. Identify areas/topics for further research
4
SESSION REVIEW
ABSTRACT
What is an abstract?
A short form of an article, giving only the most important facts or ideas
• Although the abstract is the first section of the report, it is usually written
at the final stage.
• This is because it is a summary or an overview of the whole paper and it is
easier to write after you have finished the whole paper.
6
ABSTRACT
Information in the abstract typically answers the following questions and is ordered in the
following sequence:
1. What is the research topic and why is it important? (introduction)
2. What is already known and yet to be known about the topic (literature review)
3. What is the present study about and how it was done? (research aim and methods)
4. What are the main findings/results? (results)
5. What do those results mean for the research field/society? (implications or significance)
7Can you find the above elements in the example abstract on the next page?
ABSTRACT
8Micro-needle patches (MNPs) offer a low-cost but effective alternative to
traditional vaccination via intramuscular injection. Improving current methods of
vaccination is vital to boost vaccination rates in developing countries. Some
studies have shown that MNPs are well-tolerated and accepted by humans, but
have not specifically focused on self-administered MNPs. Therefore, to determine
how self-administration would affect the tolerability and acceptability of MNPs,
we recruited 15 subjects who self-administered MNPs carrying a placebo. Skin
reactions were documented over a seven-day period after vaccination, then the
participants were surveyed to determine their experience of MNPs compared to
other vaccine delivery methods. Overall, participants experienced few side-effects
and little pain, and were overwhelmingly positive about the use of MNPs. These
results in tolerability and acceptability suggest that MNPs could be a more
attractive vaccination delivery method than the current ones, which could lead to
higher vaccination rates in developing countries.
9Micro-needle patches (MNPs) offer a low-cost but effective alternative to
traditional vaccination via intramuscular injection. Improving current methods of
vaccination is vital to boost vaccination rates in developing countries. Some
studies have shown that MNPs are well-tolerated and accepted by humans, but
have not specifically focused on self-administered MNPs. Therefore, to determine
how self-administration would affect the tolerability and acceptability of MNPs,
we recruited 15 subjects who self-administered MNPs carrying a placebo. Skin
reactions were documented over a seven-day period after vaccination, then the
participants were surveyed to determine their experience of MNPs compared to
other vaccine delivery methods. Overall, participants experienced few side-
effects and little pain, and were overwhelmingly positive about the use of MNPs.
These results in tolerability and acceptability suggest that MNPs could be a more
attractive vaccination delivery method than the current ones, which could lead to
higher vaccination rates in developing countries.
INTRODUCTION/LITERATURE REVIEW/RESEARCH AIM & METHODS/FINDINGS/IMPLICATIONS OR
SIGNICIANCE
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Refer to APA 7 guidelines on BB.
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Articles in academic journals
o Basic Form
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume
number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
o Article in Print Journal
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5–13.
12
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Articles in academic journals
o Article in Electronic Journal
Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-
oriented digital research with service-learning. Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and
International Engagement, 6(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979
o DOIs may not always be available. In these cases, use a URL.
Denny, H., Nordlof, J., & Salem, L. (2018). "Tell me exactly what it was that I was doing that was so bad":
Understanding the needs and expectations of working-class students in writing centers. Writing Center
Journal, 37(1), 67–98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26537363
13
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Articles in periodicals
o Article in a Magazine
Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better late than never. Time, 135(17), 20–21.
o Article in a Newspaper
Schultz, S. (2005, December). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country
Today, 1A, 2A.
o Review
Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book The self-
knower: A hero under control, by R. A. Wicklund]. Contemporary Psychology, 38(5),
466–467. 14
• Books
o Basic Format
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher Name.
Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Pineau, T. R. (2018). Mindful sport performance enhancement: Mental training for
athletes and coaches. American Psychological Association.
o Edited Book, No Author
Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Publisher.
Leitch, M. G., & Rushton, C. J. (Eds.). (2019). A new companion to Malory . D. S. Brewer.
o Edited Book with an Author or Authors
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher.
Malory, T. (2017). Le morte darthur (P. J. C. Field, Ed.). D. S. Brewer. (Original work published 1469-70) 15
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Books
o A Translation
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (T. Translator,
Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published YEAR)
Plato (1989). Symposium (A. Nehamas & P. Woodruff, Trans.). Hackett Publishing Company.
(Original work published ca. 385-378 BCE)
o Edition Other Than the First
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (# ed.). Publisher.
Belcher, W. (2019). Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic publishing
success (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
16
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Book chapter
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor
(Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher.
Csizér, K., & Kormos, J. (2009). Learning experiences, selves and motivated learning behaviour. In Z. Dörnyei
& E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 98-119). Multilingual Matters.
• Webpage or piece of online content
If the page names an individual author, cite their name first:
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist . Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-
does-not-exist-3af27e312d01
17
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
• Works in another language
To cite a work that is in another language, provide the author, date, title, and
source of the work in the original language as well as a translation of the title in
square brackets after the title and before the period.
Journal article:
Gao, Y. (1994). 生产性双语现象考察[On productive bilingualism]. 外语教学与研究, 3(1),
59-64.
Book:
Chinese Ministry of Education. (2003). 普通高中英语课程标准（实验稿）[English
curriculum standards for senior high schools (Trial version)]. People’s
Education Press. 18
APA-STYLE REFERENCE LIST
USEFUL LINK
The Unviersity of Auckland
ReferenCite - Quick©ite - APA - Webpage
• http://www.cite.auckland.ac.nz/2_1_5.html
•
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_a
nd_style_guide/general_format.html
• https://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/subject-guides/edu/docs/APAbooklet.pdf
USEFUL LINK
• For finding DOI information
https://www.crossref.org/guestquery/
Some (especially old) articles may not have DOI; in that case, use the
article’s URL
EXERCISE
Group activity:
Please work with your groupmates to identify mistakes in the reference list
in Exercise 1 on BB.
APPENDICES
• Appendices typically include your instruments and any other detailed
information (in forms of tables, figures or pictures) that has not been
included in your main text but may help your readers understand your
study.
• Different appendices are normally lettered (Appendix A, Appendix B,
Appendix C, …)
• After “Appendix A”, there should be a title summarizing the content of
the information attached
23
APPENDICES
24
25
26
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER
• Requirements: a research paper of 1200 - 1500 words (excluding abstract,
references and appendix) with the following sections:
Title
Abstract (within 150 words)
Introduction
Literature review
Research question(s)
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
References in APA7 Style (at least 5 REPUTABLE sources in English)
Appendix(ces)
28
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER
CAN BE COMBINED
CAN BE COMBINED
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER
29
(C) Methods
Abstract
(B) Introduction &
Literature review
(A) Results
(D) Discussion (&
Conclusion)
Recommended formatting rules:
• Times New Roman font, 12 pt., 1.5 line-spaced
• First line of each paragraph indented
• Normal margins
• Citation: APA7
• You are recommended to use the template on BB
Submission
• Digital copy (on BB – Research Paper Submission Folder) submitted by Thursday 11:59pm 14
December 2023
• File name: L09/L10/L11/L12_Name.doc (NO PDF!)
• Please submit a hardcopy at TB543 before the deadline as well.
30
FINAL RESEARCH PAPER
HOMEWORK
HOMEWORK
• Write up your Abstract and polish your paper
• Tidy up your references according to the APA 7 referencing style
