Econ1010
T2 重要模型总结
讲师：JINYI
AS- AD model
1. Short run is a period of time when some input prices do not change; all prices have not adjusted to
clear all markets.
2. Long run is a period of time long enough for all prices and wages to adjust to equilibrium; the
economy is at potential GDP.
Change in SAS
Ø Law of short-run aggregate supply: as price level ↑ , aggregate quantity supplied of real GDP ↑
SAS 右移的因素 SAS 左移的因素
The price of input decrease: e.g., oil, gas, wage The price of input increase: e.g., oil, gas, wage
Business plan to increase quantity or quality inputs Business plan to decrease quantity or quality inputs
Positive supply shock improves technologies Positive supply shock destroys input
Change in LAS (会同时导致 SAS同向移动)
LAS 右移，SAS 同时右移的因素 LAS 左移，SAS 同时左移的因素
The quantity or quality of input increase The quantity or quality of input decrease
The quantity of gas; oil; solar panel increase The quantity of gas; oil; solar panel decrease
Full-employment quantity of labour increase Full-employment quantity of labour decrease
The quantity of capital increase The quantity of capital decrease
Technologies advanced ⾃然灾害导致⼟地，⼚房等损坏
不同经济学派观点
Change in Aggregate Demand
Ø Law of aggregate demand: as price level ↑, aggregate quantity demanded of real GDP ↓
The Aggregate demand increases AD 右移的因素 The Aggregate demand Decreases AD 左移的因素
Expectations more optimistic Expectations more pessimistic
Interest rate fall Interest rate rise
G increase or T decrease G decrease or T increase
GDP in R.O.W. increases GDP in R.O.W. decreases
Value of Canadian dollar falls Value of Canadian dollar rises
Money market
1. 1+= + 2+= + + ℎ
Change in Money Supply / loanable funds supply
Ø Law of money supply: the interest rate ↑, Quantity of Money Supplied ↑
The Money supply increases MS 右移的因素 The Money supply Decreases MS 左移的因素
Central Bank issue more money Central Bank issue less money
The reserve ratio decreases/loan increase The reserve ratio increase/loan decrease
Disposable income increase Disposable income decrease
Expected future income decrease Expected future income increase
Wealth decrease Wealth increase
Change in Money Demand / loanable funds demand
Ø Law of money demand: the interest rate ↑, the quantity demanded of money ↓
The Money demand increases MD 右移的因素 The Money demand Decreases MD 左移的因素
Real GDP increase Real GDP decrease
Average price level increase Average price level decrease
Domestic monetary transmission mechanism
1. ↓, ↑, ↑, ↑ ℎ
均衡下 ↑, ↑, ↓
2. ↑, ↓, ↓, ↓ ℎ
均衡下 ↓, ↓, ↑
不同经济学派观点
Foreign exchange market
1. Exchange rate ↑, Domestic currency appreciation, 本国商品相较于外国商品变贵, 外国商品相较
于本国商品变便宜, export ↓, import ↑, net export ↓.
2. Exchange rate ↓, Domestic currency depreciation, 本国商品相较于外国商品变便宜, 外国商品相
较于本国商品变贵, export ↑ import ↓, net export ↑
Law of supply for Canadian dollars: as exchange rate ↑, quantity supplied of C$ ↑
Law of demand for Canadian dollars: as exchange rate ↑, quantity demanded of C$ ↓
Change in Supply of Canadian dollars and demand of Canadian dollar
因素 结果
Canadian demand for imports increase Supply of C$ ↑ Exchange rate ↓ 本币贬值
R.O.W. demand for Canadian export increase Demand of C$ ↑ Exchange rate ↑ 本币升值
Canadian inflation rate increases relative to R.O.W.
Inflation rate differential increase
Supply of C$ ↑ Demand of C$ ↓
Exchange rate ↓ 本币贬值
Canadian interest rate increases relative to R.O.W.
Interest rate differential increase
Supply of C$ ↓ Demand of C$ ↑
Exchange rate ↑ 本币升值
Expected future exchange rate increase Supply of C$ ↓ Demand of C$ ↑
Exchange rate ↑ 本币升值
Real GDP in Canada increase Supply of C$ ↓ Demand of C$ ↑
Exchange rate ↑ 本币升值
看下⾯这个图也可以
Canadian Dollar Appreciates
(exchange rate increases)
Canadian Dollar Depreciates
(exchange rate decreases)
R.O.W. demand for Canadian export rise R.O.W. demand for Canadian export falls
Canadian demand for imports decreases Canadian demand for imports increases
Canadian interest rate rise relative to R.O.W Canadian interest rate falls relative to R.O.W
Canadian inflation rate falls relative to R.O.W. Canadian inflation rate rises relative to R.O.W.
Real GDP in Canada increase Real GDP in Canada decrease
Expected future exchange rate increase Expected future exchange rate decrease
International monetary transmission mechanism
1. ↓, ↑, ↓, ↑, ↑ ℎ
均衡下 ↑, ↑, ↓
2. ↑, ↓, ↑, ↓, ↓ ℎ
均衡下 ↓, ↓, ↑