Research Report FAQs and guidance: PSYC1001 - Psychology I
https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/courses/55485/pages/research-report-faqs-and-guidance?module_item_id=2216118[22/4/2024 22:20:16]
2024_S1C_PSYC1001_ND
Research Report FAQs and guidance
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Research Report FAQs and guidance
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2024 Semester 1
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Research Report FAQs and guidance
Research Report FAQs and guidance: PSYC1001 - Psychology I
https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/courses/55485/pages/research-report-faqs-and-guidance?module_item_id=2216118[22/4/2024 22:20:16]
Research Report FAQs
For extra assistance from outside the school of Psychology sign up for the Learning Hub support workshops
more information here.
So what do I have to do?
Write a 1150 word, APA formatted research report on the study which was done in your Week 2 tutorial. You do not
have to write a Method section, you have been given a method section (and do not include it in your submitted
report). You must write an Introduction section, a Results section, a Discussion section, a References section, and an
Abstract. Even though you were a participant in the study, you write the study as if you were the researcher, and you
are reporting your results (and arguing for your interpretation of them).
In addition to your submission of your final research report, you are also required to submit the notes you make from
your research (explained in the Week 4 tutorial content), and a draft/plan of your work in progress (due in the Week
6 tutorial).
For this assignment, you are not permitted to use assistive technology of any kind
You are not permitted to use software such as Translation software, Grammarly, Quillbot, Writefull, Open AI,
ChatGPT, or any other software which transforms your own natural writing into something else, or generates or
transforms writing from other sources.
Aside from possible serious actions and penalties resulting from academic misconduct, writing which is not your
own does not attract marks.
If I write my report on another study, or a study I run myself, will I get any marks for it?
No.
I missed my week 2 tutorial, does that matter?
You missed being a participant in the study. To write your report you need to pretend you are the researcher, and
you will be given the group data of those who did participate. Don't stress, catch up.
What are the learning outcomes of this assessment?
You understand how to format and write a research report in APA format
You are able to understand a unique research study you were a participant in by engaging with its novel
method and previous literature in the field (starting with the starter reference)
You can use PsycINFO to locate additional references relevant to the topic of the report
Note importantly that these learning outcomes relate specifically to practical skills in writing and research. They are
not connected to the knowledge based learning outcomes in lectures. Your main support for writing and research
comes from the tutorial program and associated materials.
I cannot find the answer anywhere, where is the answer? What is the correct interpretation
of the results?
You participated in a real study performed by a real researcher. There was nothing fake or simulated about the
Research Report FAQs and guidance: PSYC1001 - Psychology I
https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/courses/55485/pages/research-report-faqs-and-guidance?module_item_id=2216118[22/4/2024 22:20:16]
experience, which means the data that was obtained is presented to you as something recently discovered. Your tutor
might have some ideas about what it means, your colleagues might too – but either way any interpretation needs to
be argued for and justified, do not simply re-present an explanation you don’t understand yourself. You will have to
make numerous decisions on your own about how to present this research, because no one has come before you.
What's the word limit and what is counted in the word limit?
1150 words
Everything that you want your tutor to read and mark is included in the word count except the references list.
Select all text from the beginning of your abstract to the end of your discussion. That is your word count.
Is the references section counted in the word limit?
No.
Are [in text citations, footnotes, endnotes, table captions, figure labels, titles, quotes,
numbers, symbols, dates, running heads, post-it notes, Korok seeds, page numbers,
whatever else you can think of] included in the word count?
Everything that you want your tutor to read and mark is included in the word count except the references list.
Select all text from the beginning of your abstract to the end of your discussion. That is your word count.
Using hyphens, images of text or other methods to defeat word count software is a form of academic dishonesty.
What happens if we go over the word count ?
Your tutor/marker stops reading and you don't get any marks for those final words.
But a friend told me we can go 5% over?
Please get your advice about each of your units yourself. We haven't had a 5% or 10% rule for a decade.
Am I allowed to use quotes/footnotes/endnotes?
You get marks for your own writing. You reduce potential for marks if you avoid writing coherently and succinctly.
If you do this The marker thinks
Insert quotes
Author has no confidence in their own writing ability and/or does
not understand the material so is incapable of rephrasing in their
own words and/or mistakenly believes it makes their writing
‘fancier’.
Use endnotes or footnotes
Author is incapable of integrating material into coherent
paragraphs and/or is incapable of prioritizing information and/or
is anxious about what material to include or doesn’t even
Research Report FAQs and guidance: PSYC1001 - Psychology I
https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/courses/55485/pages/research-report-faqs-and-guidance?module_item_id=2216118[22/4/2024 22:20:16]
understand it so is including everything.
I want to include something from the Experiment Materials in my report?
Do not do this. Apart from the Method, none of what you are given is APA formatted. We want you to demonstrate
your report writing skills, not clutter up your report with materials we gave you.
Should I use abbreviations?
No. APA format only permits official abbreviations of particular terms, it doesn't let you invent your own (IYO), if
you do this (IYDT), then you'll be annoying the hell (ATH) out of the reader, who may initially understand what you
are talking about (TA), but by the end will be very frustrated (VF) and will basically give you a lower mark (LM) for
poor communication (PC). Think of clearer ways to explain things without resorting to this because IYDT and IYO
it will ATH out of the VF marker resulting in a LM because they won't know what you're TA. Even with just one or
two terms, it's still annoying and will cost you marks.
Do I need to draw a graph or a table?
Yes. Understand this is to make the data easier for a reader to understand. You may have to draw a graph or table
early on just to see for yourself what happened. Remember the golden APA graphing rule: include a graph OR a
table, never both (for the same data). There should be no redundancy - so it also implies you shouldn't be drawing
two or more graphs of the same data. Remember also that the findings need to be explained in words (the text of a
results section is redundant with the graph or table), so do not just mention a finding and then refer to a table or
graph so that the reader has to work it all out for themselves.
How do I draw and/or insert a graph or table into a Word document?
If you do not already know how to do this, and cannot use the help functions on Word or Excel, or find a Youtube
video teaching you how to do it, then ask your tutor as soon as possible in person and they will show you.
I want to put error bars on my graph? I want to conduct my own statistical analysis? I want
the F value / Chi squared values? Were the tests one or two tailed?
The answer to all these questions is, you have not been given sufficient information to report or do any of these
things. So work with what you have, no more information will be released.
The study I remember doing in my tutorial is slightly different to that described in the
method. Can I talk about the bits that are now missing?
While it is critical for the scientific integrity of research to report everything that was done, this is an assessment
task, so you are purposefully constrained as to what to address. (This is the reason for the answer above also)
Aspects of a study are almost always dropped for research report assignments to make the results easier to
understand or present. This means that, regardless of what you remember happening in the study, only write about
what is presented in the final method section.
Not all the results have been presented, is this an error?
Following on from the last two questions now, this is just what often happens for constrained research report
assessments. If an aspect of the study is reported in the method, but you do not receive results for it, then there's no
need to mention it. Focus on and hypothesise about the results you have been presented with and nothing more.
A critical error which has been increasing recently is students talking about results which were never tested.
Research Report FAQs and guidance: PSYC1001 - Psychology I
https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/courses/55485/pages/research-report-faqs-and-guidance?module_item_id=2216118[22/4/2024 22:20:16]
If there is no p-value test for a particular comparison there is no point hypothesising about it or writing
conclusions about it. One variant of this is reports talking about "the best performance" when only pairwise
comparisons were made and no comparison between a single condition and all others was ever made. Do not discuss
differences in means which were never statistically tested.
Do I need to worry about running heads or separate title pages?
If you wish to make your report compliant with some of the stricter APA format rules you can (e.g. a separate title
page does not waste paper with online submission), but you can avoid these aspects without penalty, they do not
appear in the marking rubric.
(In regard to a specific topic) Do I need to include X? Do I need to talk about Y? Do I have
to include Z in the results?
You should include ALL key results in the results section. You will probably be only discussing the main ones in
your discussion. What are the main ones? That depends on the story you wish to tell as to why this study was done,
and what this study found that was important.
(I want to argue this in this way...) does this even make sense?
Are you really planning on including something in your report that you yourself do not understand!? Or are you just
unsure of the strength of your argument? The best advice is to start early and be prepared to verbally explain your
key arguments/interpretations quickly to your tutor and colleagues – and see what they think. Avoid any kind of
communication other than verbal, as others may steal your ideas, or steal your words (making you academically
dishonest by assisting others to cheat) or (if you ask your tutor by email) you may be effectively asking your tutor to
mark part of your draft which is not permitted.
How do I find the recommended reference(s) for the experiment?
Simply type the full title of the paper into the search field of the library webpage:
https://www.library.sydney.edu.au/ If you use google you may locate the paper, but because you are not travelling
via the library website you may be asked to pay for it.
How do I find more references?
Use PsychINFO. Refer to the report modules.
How many more references do I need to find?
Consider how effectively you can use each reference. There is no point cluttering up a report with dozens of
references when you cannot use any of them very effectively, it’s better to find just the right number to support what
you are arguing. How many that is depends on your argument. Remember in text citations/references count towards
the word limit. Do not cite papers you have not read or understood – the marks you will lose for being vague and
never explaining HOW or WHY particular research is relevant far outweigh any marks you wouldn’t get anyway for
the number of citations.
What kind of references should I use?
Only use peer reviewed reports describing experiments, or peer reviewed book chapters describing studies. Avoid
opinion pieces or purely theoretical papers of any kind. Do not cite entire books. Do not cite websites. For articles
found on the websites of peer reviewed journals, used appropriate citation to cite the articles directly. If you only use
papers found using psycINFO with the 'peer reviewed' search term selected, you will be fine.
What should I expect from my tutor?
Research Report FAQs and guidance: PSYC1001 - Psychology I
https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/courses/55485/pages/research-report-faqs-and-guidance?module_item_id=2216118[22/4/2024 22:20:16]
In person (in tutorial times) you can expect your tutor to tell you precisely what they expect, to fully describe
suggested graphs or tables, to suggest hypotheses, recommend other readings, and basically tell you everything you
need to write.
Via email you can expect your tutor to give vague, equivocal responses to all but the most straightforward
procedural questions.
In other words be at your tutorials and talk to your tutor in person. It is completely unacceptable to wait until the
last minute and send your tutor huge emails for them to assess. Your writing is your own work, so you will get better
advice on it by talking to your tutor.
In the Week 4 and Week 6 tutorials there will be a limited opportunity to actually show your notes and draft/plans to
your tutor who can look at them and make general comments. This is your only opportunity for feedback of this
nature so ensure you have something to show them at those times.
Should I use secondary citation?
You should always be honest in reporting where you obtained the information you are reporting. If you read about
another study in a paper you read, and are satisfied with the level of detail reported, cite the paper you actually read
and put the cited paper as a secondary citation e.g. Jones (1989, cited by Jiang, 2003) – in this case you are saying
you read Jiang, and are using her description of Jones’s findings. You may have heard from lecturers/tutors that you
should avoid secondary citation, but what they were saying is ‘try to read original sources where possible’ – and that
remains good advice. However if you are satisfied with the level of detail reported in the paper you have read there
may be no need to locate the original source. In later years (e.g. 3rd year assignment, honours project) you’ll be
following every citation to the primary source, but for first year, teaching you how to be honest is the top priority.
Consider this scenario, you read the Jiang (2003) paper, like what they say about Jones (1989), so you go and find
the Jones (1989) paper and touch it. You don’t have time to read it, but you have it, and you touch it. You then go
back to your report, and delete Jones (1989, cited by Jiang, 2003) and replace it with Jones (1989). You are then
accused of academic dishonesty, but you bring along to your academic dishonesty meeting the copy of the Jones
(1989) paper and claim you wrote your assignment from it, and there was no need to cite Jiang (2003). The result of
such a scenario would be the charge of dishonesty would stick, because you stole Jiang’s research (they were the
ones who found Jones in the first place) and their representation of it, and then failed to mention Jiang.
Here’s another scenario, see if you can spot the difference. You read the Jiang (2003) paper, and become interested
in what they say about Jones’s (1989) findings. You are not satisfied with the level of detail described however, so
you find and read the Jones (1989) paper, and discover Jiang’s representation was a little too simplistic, so you
describe your (different) perspective on the study. In such a situation, you are justified in citing only Jones (1989).
The short answer is, show off to your tutor that you understand how secondary citation works. Do not feel any
pressure to avoid using it, especially if that means you commit academic dishonesty. We know first year students
don’t find thirty year old books (often published in other languages), or papers that cannot be found in online
journals, so pretending to find the primary source when you haven’t is easy to spot, and is dishonest.
If you have any remaining concerns or questions about secondary citation, consult the university's AHEM
(Academic Honesty Education Module).
Where is the marking rubric, what does it mean?
The marking rubric is discussed in the final research report module. The categories are already attached to the
canvas assignment itself also.
Research Report FAQs and guidance: PSYC1001 - Psychology I
https://canvas.sydney.edu.au/courses/55485/pages/research-report-faqs-and-guidance?module_item_id=2216118[22/4/2024 22:20:16]
What order do we do things in? How do we write a good report? What is APA format?
Complete the research report modules.
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