ATHK1001 Assignment 2
Due date: 11:59pm Monday, May 12th (Week 11). Late penalty of 5% per calendar day applies.
Online submission: All submissions are to be made online via the link on the ATHK1001 Canvas website. All
submissions must be a single PDF file. Do not submit files that contain images (except the graphs can be
images), because they may not be readable. Unreadable files may be treated as non-submissions.
Submissions will be checked for plagiarism.
Incorrect submissions: If you discover after the due date but before the closing date that the file you
submitted on was incorrect, then let us know. You may be given the option to resubmit a corrected version
with a 50% penalty or the relevant lateness penalty, whichever is greater.
Word limit: Maximum 750 words. There is no required minimum number of words. A penalty of 10% will apply
to papers that exceed this limit by more than 0%, a 20% penalty if you exceed the limit by 10% to 20%, a 30%
penalty if you exceed the limit by 20% to 30%, a 40% penalty if you exceed the limit by 30% to 40%, and a
50% penalty if you exceed the limit by more than 40%. ALL WORDS COUNT. Therefore, if you include titles
or repeat the question text then those words will count towards the word limit. To identify your answers just
give the question number at the beginning of your response to each question.
Total = 80 possible marks. (10% of total marks for the unit)
For this assignment answer the following questions. Do not repeat the questions with your answers, simply
number your answers.
Answers must be complete sentences.

1A. For 4 marks, write a sentence about what the above quotation means about a sufficient condition for
getting a taco, or if it has no implications about that, write “The sentence has no implications for a sufficient
condition for getting a free taco”.
1B. For 4 marks, write a sentence about what the above quotation means about a necessary condition for
getting a taco, or if it has no implication about that, write “The sentence has no implications for a necessary
condition for getting a free taco”.

2A. For 4 marks, state the two variables mentioned in the above quote and whether each is dichotomous or
not.
2B. For 3 marks, using complete sentences, state the three model types that can explain the correlation.
Use X, Y, and Z in your answers. Number the model types 1, 2, and 3.
2C. For 6 marks, for each of the causal models 1, 2, and 3 that you listed above, write a complete sentence,
describing the causal model using words from the quoted sentence rather than using X’s, Y’s, or Z’s.
1 . “Wednesdays at Manning Bar: If you purchase a margarita you get a free taco!”
2 . “Being enrolled in ATHK is positively correlated with knowing where
Professor Alex Holcombe works.”
3. The null hypothesis could be true or it could be false. For each possibility,
there are two possible outcomes for a statistical test (see Week 9
prerecorded videos).
List four terms for the four outcomes (4 marks).

For 3 marks, according to the Unit of Study outline, what is a necessary consequence?

5A. For 2 marks, according to the Unit of Study outline, is attempting the final exam necessary to pass
ATHK?
5B. For 2 marks, explain your answer in less than 20 words.
5C. For 2 marks, according to the Unit of Study outline, is attempting the final exam sufficient to pass
ATHK?
5D. For 2 marks, explain your answer in less than 20 words.
6. “For infants, being bitten by a blue-ring octopus results in death within 48
hours. I am not an infant, so I will not die within 48 hours.”
6A. For 6 marks, rewrite the above in standard form, labelling the premises and conclusion.
6B. For 2 marks, is the quoted argument suppositionally inescapable? Write ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.

7A. For 1 mark, is being inside Wallace Lecture Theatre a sufficient condition for being on the University of
Sydney campus?
7B. For 2 marks, explain why.
8. Sally Scientist wants to know whether eating nuts every day causes weight
loss. First he does a study in which he assigns randomly-allocated
participants to eat pistachios every day or not. The study does not yield a
4 . A student submitted Assignment 1 three days late.
5 . The ATHK final exam.
7 . The Wallace lecture theatre
statistically significant reduction in weight in the nuts group compared to the
control group. Then he does a similar study of almonds, brazil nuts,
cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, walnuts,
peanuts, pili nuts, kola nuts, saba nuts, hickory nuts, butternuts, tiger nuts,
and chestnuts. All the studies do not yield a statistically significant result
except for the hickory nuts study, which does yield a statistically significant
weight loss.
Sally concludes that some nuts, specifically hickory nuts, cause weight loss.
For 4 marks, explain with your own English words why explain why Randy’s conclusion may be wrong.
Material from Week 9 may be helpful.
9. Members of the Liberal party have higher salaries, on average, than
members of the Labor party. A journalist reporting about this suggests that
people should join the Liberal party if they want to make more money.
9A. For 2 marks, state the causal model suggested by the journalist.
9B. For 4 marks, describe an alternative causal model that plausibly could explain the correlation. Write a
complete sentence and use words from the passage (no “X”s, “Y”s, or “Z”s).
9C. For 2 marks, explain why the model you provided in the previous answer is plausible.
10. In 2023, University of Sydney food outlets with red in their logo sell more
food than those that don’t have red in their logo. The USU president
concludes that red in a logo makes students more likely to buy food there.
For 8 points, describe an experiment to test the USU president’s conclusion, mentioning the measures and
variables.

For 4 points, write two if-then sentences that together match the truth table.
12. Auditing reveals that when a suitcase with a weapon is passed through the
automatic X-ray machine, the machine detects the weapon in 40% of
cases.
12A. For 3 marks, write a sentence about the sensitivity or specificity of the machine.
12B. “When a suitcase has no weapons in it, the automatic X-ray machine says it has weapons in it in 3% of
cases.”
For 3 marks, based on the sentence in quotes, write about the sensitivity or specificity of the machine.

For 3 marks, does the article title make a correlational or a causal claim? Explain why you think this.

Total = 80 possible marks. (15% of total for the unit)
Formatting Recommendations
11 . Logical truth tables are described in the Week 9 material. Consider the
following truth table:
13 . “Anti-missile defense systems destroy killer drones” is the title of a news
article.
Use the font “Times New Roman”, 12-point size, and double-space all the lines.
Academic Honesty
Before submitting your assignment you must complete the Online Academic Honesty Educational Module
provided by the University. Your assignment will be analysed for evidence of plagiarism by the Turnitin
software which will compare your paper against other assignments, internet sources, and academic sources.
To avoid plagiarism make sure that you properly cite any source you use, and do not give your paper to any
other student. You can discuss your assignment with other students, but avoid sending them text that could
be copied into a paper. All cases of suspected plagiarism must be referred to the University.

学霸联盟