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英文代写-COVID-19
时间：2021-11-01
Research Proposal
Introduction
This research proposal summarized the “COVID-19 and mortgage and rental payments: May
2020”.( Biddle et al., 2020). This paper aimed to analyze and show that people are facing more
housing stress during the time of first wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Australia compare to pre-
COVID-19 time, and also the factors that associated with the housing stress the most during
pandemic. Some interesting findings are illustrated like gender associated with housing stress among
the respondents, people who live in remote areas are less likely to have high amount of stress like the
urban residents. The paper also illustrated some of government and banks’ aid to help people in
regarding to rent or mortgage affordability.
The extension of this paper is to introduce new wave of data which is the recent poll result from
ANUpoll about housing stress among respondents and the main research question of the extension is
what factor or factors affect the housing issue the most among all respondents and especially young
respondents. As the motivation of this extension is the current housing crisis in Australia is become
a very important social issue to look at and the affordability by young people to buy or rent a proper
home is become harder and harder. (McLaren, Yeo and Sweet, 2016) So the study of housing stress
during the pandemic is become very crucial.
Summaries of the paper
It is arguable that hosing scholars and related experts are ethical responsible for the housing issues
and stress in Australia now and especially consider the affordability issue brought by COVID-19
pandemic from 2020. (Rogers and Power, 2020)
So the paper with title COVID-19 and mortgage and rental payments: May 2020” is dedicated to
study the impact brought by COVID-19 to renters and mortgage holders.( Biddle et al., 2020)
There are several main findings from this paper. Firstly, the significant increase of late payment of
rent or mortgage are increased from 6.1 percent to 15.1 percent in matter of one month from April
2020 to May 2020.
The effect of housing stress affects the most for young Australians who aged between 18-24 as there
are roughly 44 percent of those young Australians who took the survey said they cannot pay their rent
on time.
The effect is still significant even when the income factors was controlled, and this is very interesting
to study as what other factors associated with the housing stress and affordability.
Secondly, the help is also provided from public agency and also financial institutions. With national
government financial relief such as Job-keeper, Job-Seeker and other polices like provide extra time
for the tenants who are under financial stress. There are 16.1 percent of mortgage holder successfully
reduced their payment with 8 percent successfully freeze their mortgage payment for a certain time.
The Australian economy is suffering from the social distancing and other restrictions implemented
by the government as employment falls, hours worked falls and average household income falls as
well. And these factors all lead to the huge amount of mortgage has not been received by banks by
May 2020 with $153.5 billions and $165 billions by June 2020.
The paper also found that there are differentiation between genders, location of residence and whether
they are indigenous group in relation to the extent they face the housing stress during the COVID-19
pandemic. The paper found that female are less likely to face similar level of housing issue for given
income level compare to male. People who live outside of the capital cities tend to have less housing
issue relative to those who live in capital cities. Indigenous group tend to have more housing stress
relative to those who are not indigenous in Australia.
ANUpoll collected and selected a sample data from the Life in Australia to analyze in this paper. And
these data described the May 2020 survey results about numerous questions with respect to housing
stress and issues faced by people during the COVID-19 such as whether they struggled to pay rent or
mortgage on time or if they successfully get reduction of their mortgage payment or rent.
Authors of this paper used regression model to analyze between the dummy variables and dependent
variables. And in this case the dependent variable is to what extent respondents faced housing stress
in relation to payment on time and other issues, and authors controlled some dummy variables to test
which factor or factors associated with housing stress the most.
Extensions
The extension would be the change of housing stress situation throughout the time from 2020 to 2021
as the new data has been published by ANUpoll are available to do the time series analysis about if
the general housing issue are getting better or the other direction. And also, the role played by gender,
income level, location of residence and ethnic group.
The main research question is what factor or factors play the most significant role with respect to
housing stress among the respondents, especially young Australians.
The motivation is if there are any effect on housing issues after Australian government successfully
contain the first wave of COVID-19 outbreak until the recent outbreak. And whether the government
intervention like Job-Keeper, Jon-Seeker are play the significant role to prevent people to suffer
financially.
The effects and changes among young Australians in relation to housing issues are also interesting to
study and see the change of situation after the relative successful battle against COVID-19 from 2020
to early 2021 compared to some other countries which suffered for a fairly long time.
There will be numerous hypotheses to test about different factors affect the housing stress. For
example, the null hypothesis that being a male are more likely to suffer the housing issue by given
income with the alternative hypothesis states being a male is not more likely to suffer from housing
stress. Or null hypothesis that the housing issue generally are getting better among young Australians
from May 2020 to the recent poll and alternative hypothesis state that the situation is not getting
better for young Australian who aged between 18 to 24 during this period.
The expect findings are that the housing stress are less with respect to late payment of rent or mortgage
and other housing related issue among all respondents. And also, the income factor still associated
with the housing issue the most but ethnic group and location of residence also affect significantly
among all people and especially young people who responded.
Reference
Biddle, N., Edwards, B., Gray, Matthew., and Sollis K., 2020. COVID-19 and mortgage and rental
payments: May 2020. ANU CENTRE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH & METHODS, [online]. Available
at https://csrm.cass.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/docs/2020/6/COVID-19_and_housing_FINAL.pdf
[Accessed 27 August 2021].
McLaren, J., Yeo, A. and Sweet, M., 2016. Australia is Facing a Housing Affordability Crisis: Is
the Solution to this Problem the Singapore Model of Housing?. Australasian Accounting, Business
and Finance Journal, [online] 10(4). Available at:
https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=zh-
CN&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Australia+housing+crisis+&btnG=&httpsredir=1&article=1742&context=
aabfj [Accessed 27 August 2021].
Roggers, D and Power, E., 2020. Housing policy and the COVID-19 pandemic: the importance of
housing research during this health emergenc. Internation Journal of Housing Policy, [online].
Available https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19491247.2020.1756599 [Accessed 27
August 2021].
学霸联盟
学霸联盟
Introduction
This research proposal summarized the “COVID-19 and mortgage and rental payments: May
2020”.( Biddle et al., 2020). This paper aimed to analyze and show that people are facing more
housing stress during the time of first wave of COVID-19 outbreak in Australia compare to pre-
COVID-19 time, and also the factors that associated with the housing stress the most during
pandemic. Some interesting findings are illustrated like gender associated with housing stress among
the respondents, people who live in remote areas are less likely to have high amount of stress like the
urban residents. The paper also illustrated some of government and banks’ aid to help people in
regarding to rent or mortgage affordability.
The extension of this paper is to introduce new wave of data which is the recent poll result from
ANUpoll about housing stress among respondents and the main research question of the extension is
what factor or factors affect the housing issue the most among all respondents and especially young
respondents. As the motivation of this extension is the current housing crisis in Australia is become
a very important social issue to look at and the affordability by young people to buy or rent a proper
home is become harder and harder. (McLaren, Yeo and Sweet, 2016) So the study of housing stress
during the pandemic is become very crucial.
Summaries of the paper
It is arguable that hosing scholars and related experts are ethical responsible for the housing issues
and stress in Australia now and especially consider the affordability issue brought by COVID-19
pandemic from 2020. (Rogers and Power, 2020)
So the paper with title COVID-19 and mortgage and rental payments: May 2020” is dedicated to
study the impact brought by COVID-19 to renters and mortgage holders.( Biddle et al., 2020)
There are several main findings from this paper. Firstly, the significant increase of late payment of
rent or mortgage are increased from 6.1 percent to 15.1 percent in matter of one month from April
2020 to May 2020.
The effect of housing stress affects the most for young Australians who aged between 18-24 as there
are roughly 44 percent of those young Australians who took the survey said they cannot pay their rent
on time.
The effect is still significant even when the income factors was controlled, and this is very interesting
to study as what other factors associated with the housing stress and affordability.
Secondly, the help is also provided from public agency and also financial institutions. With national
government financial relief such as Job-keeper, Job-Seeker and other polices like provide extra time
for the tenants who are under financial stress. There are 16.1 percent of mortgage holder successfully
reduced their payment with 8 percent successfully freeze their mortgage payment for a certain time.
The Australian economy is suffering from the social distancing and other restrictions implemented
by the government as employment falls, hours worked falls and average household income falls as
well. And these factors all lead to the huge amount of mortgage has not been received by banks by
May 2020 with $153.5 billions and $165 billions by June 2020.
The paper also found that there are differentiation between genders, location of residence and whether
they are indigenous group in relation to the extent they face the housing stress during the COVID-19
pandemic. The paper found that female are less likely to face similar level of housing issue for given
income level compare to male. People who live outside of the capital cities tend to have less housing
issue relative to those who live in capital cities. Indigenous group tend to have more housing stress
relative to those who are not indigenous in Australia.
ANUpoll collected and selected a sample data from the Life in Australia to analyze in this paper. And
these data described the May 2020 survey results about numerous questions with respect to housing
stress and issues faced by people during the COVID-19 such as whether they struggled to pay rent or
mortgage on time or if they successfully get reduction of their mortgage payment or rent.
Authors of this paper used regression model to analyze between the dummy variables and dependent
variables. And in this case the dependent variable is to what extent respondents faced housing stress
in relation to payment on time and other issues, and authors controlled some dummy variables to test
which factor or factors associated with housing stress the most.
Extensions
The extension would be the change of housing stress situation throughout the time from 2020 to 2021
as the new data has been published by ANUpoll are available to do the time series analysis about if
the general housing issue are getting better or the other direction. And also, the role played by gender,
income level, location of residence and ethnic group.
The main research question is what factor or factors play the most significant role with respect to
housing stress among the respondents, especially young Australians.
The motivation is if there are any effect on housing issues after Australian government successfully
contain the first wave of COVID-19 outbreak until the recent outbreak. And whether the government
intervention like Job-Keeper, Jon-Seeker are play the significant role to prevent people to suffer
financially.
The effects and changes among young Australians in relation to housing issues are also interesting to
study and see the change of situation after the relative successful battle against COVID-19 from 2020
to early 2021 compared to some other countries which suffered for a fairly long time.
There will be numerous hypotheses to test about different factors affect the housing stress. For
example, the null hypothesis that being a male are more likely to suffer the housing issue by given
income with the alternative hypothesis states being a male is not more likely to suffer from housing
stress. Or null hypothesis that the housing issue generally are getting better among young Australians
from May 2020 to the recent poll and alternative hypothesis state that the situation is not getting
better for young Australian who aged between 18 to 24 during this period.
The expect findings are that the housing stress are less with respect to late payment of rent or mortgage
and other housing related issue among all respondents. And also, the income factor still associated
with the housing issue the most but ethnic group and location of residence also affect significantly
among all people and especially young people who responded.
Reference
Biddle, N., Edwards, B., Gray, Matthew., and Sollis K., 2020. COVID-19 and mortgage and rental
payments: May 2020. ANU CENTRE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH & METHODS, [online]. Available
at https://csrm.cass.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/docs/2020/6/COVID-19_and_housing_FINAL.pdf
[Accessed 27 August 2021].
McLaren, J., Yeo, A. and Sweet, M., 2016. Australia is Facing a Housing Affordability Crisis: Is
the Solution to this Problem the Singapore Model of Housing?. Australasian Accounting, Business
and Finance Journal, [online] 10(4). Available at:
https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=zh-
CN&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Australia+housing+crisis+&btnG=&httpsredir=1&article=1742&context=
aabfj [Accessed 27 August 2021].
Roggers, D and Power, E., 2020. Housing policy and the COVID-19 pandemic: the importance of
housing research during this health emergenc. Internation Journal of Housing Policy, [online].
Available https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19491247.2020.1756599 [Accessed 27
August 2021].
学霸联盟
学霸联盟
