程序代写案例-2022T2
时间:2022-07-01
2022T21Recording Business Transactions – part one: Transaction analysis and double entriesTutorial 3 Alice SUNAssessment TimelineWeek1Lecture StartsTutorial Starts Week2Week3Week4Week5Online Quiz (20%)Week6 Flexibility WeekNo lecture or tutorialWeek7Group Assessment Starts (20%)Week8Week9Week10Group Assessment Due (20%)Last lecture & TutorialFinal Exam PeriodCOMM1140Final Exam*Ongoing assessment: Tutorial Participation (Homework + Individual participation)122022T22Tutorial Schedule and Content• Lecture review and discussion• Discussion Questions: 3.4, 3.6• Problem Questions: 3.12, 3.18• Activity • SocrativeLearning Objectives• Carry out transaction analysis and determine the impact of transactions on elements of balance sheets and income statements• Understand the double‐entry accounting system• Understand debits and credits in the context of transaction analysis• Understand how depreciation works342022T23Transaction analysis• Transaction analysis involves an examination of each business transaction with the aim of understanding its effect on the accounting equation.• Accounting equation: • A=L+OE• CA + NCA = CL + NCL + OE• CA + NCA = CL + NCL + SC + (Op. RP + R – E – D)Transaction analysisExamples:1. Borrowed $10 000 cash from the bank.2. Purchase equipment for $50 000 cash.3. Catering services provided for an office function; billed customer for $1000Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s EquityCash A/R Equipment Loan Retained profits+10 000 +10 000‐ 50 000 +50 000+ 1000 +1000 (Revenue)↑11 000 (A) = ↑11 000 (L+OE)562022T24Double entry accounting• The Golden Rule: The accounting equation must always balance.• It means Debits (Dr) = Credits (Cr).A + E = L + OE* + R↑ Dr Dr Cr Cr Cr↓ Cr Cr Dr Dr Dr* To help you memorise how debits and credits work, here OE = SC + Op.RP – D (i.e., R and E are expanded in the accounting equation).Journal entries• Journal entries are a shorthand version on transaction analysis.• They are prepared using the rules of debit and credit : Dr = CrExamples:• Machinery with a life of 5 years is purchased for $5 000 cash:Dr Machinery 5 000Cr Cash 5 000• Straight line depreciation each year, no salvage value :Dr Depreciation expense 1 000Cr Accumulated depreciation 1 000A L OEMachinery ↑ (Dr) Cash ↓ (Cr) NE NEA L OEAccumulated depreciation (A↓, Cr) NEDepreciation expense ↑ (OE↓, Dr)= += +• Accumulated depreciation (a contra asset account, B/S) shows all depreciation charged against an asset to date.• Depreciation expense (I/S) shows only this year’s depreciation allocation.782022T25Journal entries• Accumulated depreciation (a contra asset account, B/S) shows all depreciation charged against an asset to date.• Depreciation expense (I/S) shows only this year’s depreciation allocation.Machine Purchase Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5Journal EntriesDr Machinery 5,000Cr Cash 5,000Dr Depreciation expense 1,000Cr Accumulated depreciation 1,000Accumulated Depreciation‐ 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Net Book Value (BV) 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0Examples:• Machinery with a life of 5 years is purchased for $5 000 cash• Straight line depreciation each year, no salvage value.Journal entries• Accumulated depreciation (a contra asset account, B/S) shows all depreciation charged against an asset to date.• Depreciation expense (I/S) shows only this year’s depreciation allocation.Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5Journal EntriesDr Dep. exp. 2,500Cr Acc. dep. 2,500Dr Dep. exp. 1,000Cr Acc. dep. 1,000Dr Dep. exp. 800Cr Acc. dep. 800Dr Dep. exp. 500Cr Acc. dep. 500Dr Dep. exp. 200Cr Acc. dep. 200Acc. Dep.2,500 3,500 4,300 4,800 5,000Net BV 2,500 1,500 700 200 0Examples:• Machinery with a life of 5 years is purchased for $5 000 cash• Accelerated depreciation each year, no salvage value.oMachine Purchase: same as before, Net Book Value Year 0 = 5,000.Depreciation ScheduleYear 1 2500Year 2 1000Year 3 800Year 4 500Year 5 2009102022T26Journal entries• Journal entries are a shorthand version on transaction analysis.• They are prepared using the rules of debit and credit : Dr = CrExamples:• Then the company declares $20 000 dividends:Dr Retained profits 20 000Cr Dividends payable 20 000• When the dividends are paid: Dr Dividends payable 20 000Cr Cash 20 000A L OEDividends payable ↑ (Cr) RP ↓ (Dr)A L OECash ↓ (Cr) Dividends payable ↓ (Dr) NE= += +Tutorial Question Solutions*Preparation Questions are for your independent study and will not be discussed in your tutorial. However, these questions are usually covered in PASS classes should you require further assistance.11122022T27DQ3.3 – R&OEWhy does an increase in expenses result in a decrease in shareholders’equity? What other part of the accounting equation is likely to be affected?Expenses decrease profit, and profit increases retained profits, which is a part of shareholders’ equity. It is likely to also increase a liability, such as a payable or decrease an asset such as cash. DQ3.6 – Account BalanceWhich accounts normally have a debit balance and whichnormally have a credit balance?Assets Liabilities Owners’ equity Revenues Expenses Debit Credit Credit Credit Debit • Cash • Accounts receivable • Inventory • Land & buildings • Prepayments • Accounts payable • Loan • Revenue received in advance (unearned revenue)• Share capital • Retained profits• Sales revenue • Services revenue• Salaries and wages expense • Rent expense• Depreciation expense 13142022T28P3.12 – Prepare simple journal entries1. Borrowed $80 000 cash from the bank with an agreement to pay back the loan in 4 years withinterest of 10 per cent per annum.Dr Cash $80 000Cr Bank loan $80 0002. Purchased inventory costing $64 000 with cash.Dr Inventory $64 000Cr Cash $64 0003. Purchased additional inventory costing $30 000 on credit.Dr Inventory $30 000Cr Accounts payable $30 0004. Received an $16 000 deposit on a rental property to be rented for the month of January 2020.Dr Cash $16,000Cr Unearned revenue $16,0005. Sold inventory costing $16 000 to customers for $29 000 on account.Dr COGS $16,000Cr Inventory $16,000Dr Accounts receivable $29,000Cr Sales $29,0006. Received $11 000 from a customer in question 5.Dr Cash $11,000Cr Accounts receivable $11,0007. Paid $10 000 owing to a supplier.Dr Accounts payable $10,000Cr Cash $10,000P3.12 – Prepare simple journal entries15162022T29DRAGONS LTDBALANCE SHEET AS AT 30 JUNE 2018Assets $ Liabilities and Shareholders’ equity $Current assets Current liabilitiesCash 14 000 Accounts payable 12 000Accounts receivable 36 000 Tax payable 6 000Inventory 42 000Shareholders’ equityShare capital 40 000Retained profits 34 00092 000 92 000Required: Prepare journal entries, an income statement for the year ended 30 June 2019 and a balance sheet as at 30/6/2019.1. Credit sales, $200 000. 2. Cash sales, $6000. 3. Collections from customers, $150 000. 4. Purchases of inventory on credit, $70 000.5. Payments of accounts payable, $50 000. 6. Cost of goods sold, $80 000. 7. Wages expense, $90 000, not yet paid. 8. Wages paid, $22 000. 9. Paid tax payable, $6000. 10. Cash dividends of $20 000, declared and paid.During the year ended 30/6/2019, the following information was recorded in the company's accounts: P3.18 – Journal Entries1. Credit sales, $200 000.Dr Accounts receivable $200,000Cr Sales revenue $200,0002. Cash sales, $6000.Dr Cash $6,000Cr Sales revenue $6,0003. Collections from customers, $150 000.Dr Cash $150,000Cr Accounts receivable $150,0004. Purchases of inventory on credit, $70 000.Dr Inventory $70,000Cr Accounts payable $70,0005. Payments of accounts payable, $50 000.Dr Accounts payable $50,000Cr Cash $50,000Dragons Ltd – Journal entries17182022T2106. Cost of goods sold, $80 000.Dr COGS $80,000Cr Inventory $80,0007. Wages expense, $90 000, not yet paid.Dr Wages expense $90,000Cr Wages payable $90,0008. Wages paid, $22 000.Dr Wages payable $22,000Cr Cash $22,0009. Paid tax payable, $6000.Dr Tax payable $6,000Cr Cash $6,00010. Cash dividends of $20 000, declared and paid.Dr Retained Profits $20,000Cr Cash $20,000Dragons Ltd – Journal entries1 Dr Accounts receivable 200,000Cr Sales revenue 200,0002 Dr Cash 6,000Cr Sales revenue 6,0003 Dr Cash 150,000Cr Accounts receivable 150,0004 Dr Inventory 70,000Cr Accounts payable 70,0005 Dr Accounts payable 50,000Cr Cash 50,0006 Dr COGS 80,000Cr Inventory 80,0007 Dr Wages expense 90,000Cr Wages payable 90,0008 Dr Wages payable 22,000Cr Cash 22,0009 Dr Tax payable 6,000Cr Cash 6,00010 Dr Retained Profits 20,000Cr Cash 20,000Accounts:• Accounts receivable• Sales• Cash• Inventory• Accounts payable• COGS• Wages expense• Wages payable• Tax payable• Retained ProfitARAALEELLOE19202022T211Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s EquityCash A/R Inventory A/P Wages payable Tax Payable Retained profits Share capitalOpening bal 14,000 36,000 42,000 12,000 ‐ 6,000 34,000 40,0001 + 200,000 +200,000 (Sales)2 + 6,000 +6,000 (Sales)3 + 150,000 ‐ 150,0004 + 70,000 + 70,0005 ‐ 50,000 ‐ 50,0006 ‐ 80,000 ‐ 80,000 (COGS)7 + 90,000 ‐ 90,000 (wages exp)8 ‐ 22,000 ‐ 22,0009 ‐ 6,000 ‐ 6,00010 ‐ 20,000 ‐ 20,000 (RP: Dividends)Total change ↑58000 ↑50,000 ↓10,000 ↑20,000 ↑68,000 ↓6,000 ↑16,000 ‐Closing bal 72,000 86,000 32,000 32,000 68,000 0 50,000 40,000190,000 (A) = 190,000 (L+OE)From the Balance sheet 30/6/2018Opening balance + Total change of the yearSales↑206,000COGS: ↑80,000Wages Exp:↑90,000Record in Balance sheet 30/6/2019Record in Income statement 30/6/2019P3.18 – Journal Entries21222022T212P3.18 – Journal EntriesActivity23242022T213Preparation for the week 5 quizPrepare journal entries and calculated the cash balance at the end of the month, if the opening balance was $75,000.1. Sold inventory worth $12,000 for $25,000 on credit. 4. Received an electricity bill for $750.Dr A/R 25kCr Sales 25kDr COGS 12k Cr Inventory 12kDr Electricity exp 0.75kCr Electricity payable 0.75k2. Received $15,000 from accounts receivable. 5. The month depreciation expense is $2,500. Dr Cash 15k Cr A/R 15kDr Dep. Exp. 2.5kCr Acc. Dep. 2.5k3. Paid the weekly wage bill of $5,000. 6. Dividends were declared and paid worth $50,000Dr Wages payable 5k Cr Cash 5kDr Retained Profit – Dividends 50k Cr Cash 50k1. Sold inventory worth $12,000 for $25,000 on credit. 5. The month depreciation expense is $2,500. Dr A/R 25kCr Sales 25kDr COGS 12k Cr Inventory 12kDr Dep. Exp. 2.5kCr Acc. Dep. 2.5k6. Dividends were declared and paid worth $50,000Dr Retained Profit – Dividends 50k 2. Received $15,000 from accounts receivable. Cr Cash 50kDr Cash 15k Cr A/R 15k3. Paid the weekly wage bill of $5,000. Dr Wages payable 5k Cr Cash 5k4. Received an electricity bill for $750.Dr Electricity exp 0.75kCr Electricity payable 0.75k$Opening balance of cash 75,000Add: Accounts receivable 15,000Less: Wages payable (5,000)Less: RP – Dividends (50,000)Closing balance of cash 35,000Prepare journal entries and calculated the cash balance at the end of the month, if the opening balance was $75,000.25262022T214DQ3.3 – R&OEWhy does an increase in revenues result in an increase in shareholders’equity? What other part of the accounting equation is likely to be affected?Revenues increase profit, and profit increases retained profits, which is a part of shareholders’ equity. It is likely that revenues (sales) also increase an asset, such as cash, or accounts receivable. 27