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MAT390/HPS390-英文代写
时间：2022-12-05
HISTORICAL ESSAY MAT390/HPS390 FALL TERM 2022
The following description outlines the three course components related to your historical essay:
DRAFT ESSAY: (3% of your total grade for this class, 3/3) A draft of your paper should be uploaded
electronically to QUERCUS. Your draft essay will be graded based on the following (1 point for
references/bibliography, 1 point for identifiable essay structure such as thesis statement introduction
body and conclusion, 1 point for completeness in terms of length of the paper). If you don’t upload your
draft essay to quercus by the due date you will receive 0/3 on this component. No late submissions.
You also must upload your draft a second time to Peer Scholar. To do this, click on the Peer Scholar
exercise on our course page, load Peer Scholar in a new browser window, go to the Create phase of
the activity and upload your draft document.
PEER SCHOLAR EXERCISE: (2% of your total grade for this class, 2/2) Using Peer Scholar you will be
matched with two essays written by your peers in this class. You will be given the task of reading these
essays and offering your feedback on them. The students whose work you comment on will then receive
your feedback. You must upload your drafts to Peer Scholar to participate and get marks for this
activity!! Your peers will help you identify areas to revise before final submission. Student feedback in
Peer Scholar is independent of grades given to you by course staff on your draft or final essay
submissions. You have to complete all aspects of the “create” “assess” and “reflect” phases in Peer
Scholar to get points for this evaluation. If you don’t finish all three phases you won’t get the marks.
We will devote an activity period to completing the "assess" phase of the Peer scholar assignment.
FINAL ESSAY: (25% of your total grade for this class, 25/25) Uploaded electronically to QUERCUS. The
essay should be 2000 words (papers accepted in the range of 1900-2100 words). LATE POLICY: There will
be a deduction of 5% per day (including weekend days) on later paper.
This final essay is a major component of your grade for this course. It is recommended that a topic be
chosen early and that your research and writing be under way by mid-November. The essay should
consist of your own work; it will be run through a standard database to verify that there has been no
copying from any source. In particular, do not cut and paste text from websites or Wikipedia articles into
your essay. Do not plagiarize.
Your final paper will be evaluated out of 30 points according to the following grading rubric:
7.5 points Motivation/Arguments: The essay presents a concise, well-stated, interesting and non-trivial
thesis that is argued for persuasively. Student analyses historical sources. Clear understanding of topic
and concepts investigated. Student expresses reasoned opinion about topic at hand. Topic of paper is
within scope of the course.
5 points Structure: The paper has an introduction, body, conclusion, and well-written transitions
between paragraphs. Historical material is presented in a logically cohesive way. Conclusion follows
from the thesis and supporting evidence. Word count within 1900-2100 range.
2
5 points Written Style: Sentence structure to the point, appropriate use of paragraphs and
foot/endnotes, formal (academic) style in mostly the third person, capitalization of proper nouns [e.g.:
names, places, book titles], use of italics, underline or boldface appropriately.
2.5 points Sources: At minimum the essay demonstrates a thorough reading of at least six different
sources. At least four of these sources must be material found through the search function of the
University of Toronto library system. Application of APA bibliographic style is clear and consistent for all
citations. Quotations from sources are appropriate. Analysis of a majority of sources is provided.
5 points Overall effort: Essay demonstrates original thinking and/or good overall effort. A paper in the
history of mathematics that lead the student to consider new questions or state a novel perspective on
their topic.
American Psychological Association (APA) bibliographic and citation conventions
Follow APA Style format for citations and references from sources:
https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples
Where to get started?
The MacTutor website for the history of mathematics can be a starting place. If you go to the bottom of
an article of interest click >References >show to see the source list for links. This is a good way to start
finding sources for your research, depending on your topic. It can be a useful place (and a more
rigorous/academic online source than Wikipedia) for history of mathematics: http://mathshistory.st-
andrews.ac.uk/
Essay Topics
Your essay should develop a perspective upon (thesis) about your topic. General descriptive overviews
are not useful. Evidence presented in the essay must always have relevance to your thesis claim. I also
encourage you to express yourself in your writing. Connect yourself in some way with your topic – this
makes your writing more meaningful. What interests you about the topic? Use this question as your
“way in” to finding a claim you want to make about it. What surprised you during your research?
Observations you make, that are unique to you, often lead you to the best thesis statements. Give us
your take on this discovery. Although your essay will contain factual material, it should be focused,
analytical and motivated by your argument about a particular view upon the given topic.
Is history just facts? No! It is interpretation of the facts that makes some historical essays exceptional.
3
HERE ARE THE TOPICS
ON QUERCUS I PROVIDE LINKS TO RESOURCES TO GET YOU STARTED ON EACH TOPIC AREA
1. Did the ancient Greeks interpret geometrical construction as proof of existence in
Euclid’s Elements?
2. Are proofs superior? Importance of proof and justification in mathematical tradition
3. Not a Computer: The Antikythera mechanism and ancient Greek astronomy
4. Decolonizing mathematics? Views from Ethnomathematics and Indigeneity
5. Navigating the Afterlife: Egyptian Star Maps and ancient astronomical knowledge
6. Heaven and Earth: Trigonometry and astronomy from Ptolemy’s Almagest to
Aryabhata’s Aryabhatiya
7. Magic squares, Seki Takakazu and Japan’s Wasan period of mathematics
8. Why have imaginary numbers? Invention of √-1 as a number
9. Keeping Secrets: Development of Vigenère cipher method of encryption
10. The Conceptual Invention of Symbolic Algebra: Francois Viète and the Analytic Art
11. A Shortcut to Laborious Multiplication: Napier's Invention of Logarithms
12. Monotonically Decreasing Yet Divergent: Oresme, Megoli and the Harmonic Series
13. Fermat-Pascal Correspondence and Invention of Probability
14. Indivisibles and Infinitestimals: Infinite Processes before the Invention of Calculus
15. What was the relationship between Newton's mathematics and his religious beliefs?
16. Mathematics in Renaissance Italy: Pacoli, Da Vinci and Fibbonaci
17. Visualization in Mathematics: Descartes and the X-Y Plane
… If you wish to write on a topic not listed you will need to talk to me about this in office hours
The following description outlines the three course components related to your historical essay:
DRAFT ESSAY: (3% of your total grade for this class, 3/3) A draft of your paper should be uploaded
electronically to QUERCUS. Your draft essay will be graded based on the following (1 point for
references/bibliography, 1 point for identifiable essay structure such as thesis statement introduction
body and conclusion, 1 point for completeness in terms of length of the paper). If you don’t upload your
draft essay to quercus by the due date you will receive 0/3 on this component. No late submissions.
You also must upload your draft a second time to Peer Scholar. To do this, click on the Peer Scholar
exercise on our course page, load Peer Scholar in a new browser window, go to the Create phase of
the activity and upload your draft document.
PEER SCHOLAR EXERCISE: (2% of your total grade for this class, 2/2) Using Peer Scholar you will be
matched with two essays written by your peers in this class. You will be given the task of reading these
essays and offering your feedback on them. The students whose work you comment on will then receive
your feedback. You must upload your drafts to Peer Scholar to participate and get marks for this
activity!! Your peers will help you identify areas to revise before final submission. Student feedback in
Peer Scholar is independent of grades given to you by course staff on your draft or final essay
submissions. You have to complete all aspects of the “create” “assess” and “reflect” phases in Peer
Scholar to get points for this evaluation. If you don’t finish all three phases you won’t get the marks.
We will devote an activity period to completing the "assess" phase of the Peer scholar assignment.
FINAL ESSAY: (25% of your total grade for this class, 25/25) Uploaded electronically to QUERCUS. The
essay should be 2000 words (papers accepted in the range of 1900-2100 words). LATE POLICY: There will
be a deduction of 5% per day (including weekend days) on later paper.
This final essay is a major component of your grade for this course. It is recommended that a topic be
chosen early and that your research and writing be under way by mid-November. The essay should
consist of your own work; it will be run through a standard database to verify that there has been no
copying from any source. In particular, do not cut and paste text from websites or Wikipedia articles into
your essay. Do not plagiarize.
Your final paper will be evaluated out of 30 points according to the following grading rubric:
7.5 points Motivation/Arguments: The essay presents a concise, well-stated, interesting and non-trivial
thesis that is argued for persuasively. Student analyses historical sources. Clear understanding of topic
and concepts investigated. Student expresses reasoned opinion about topic at hand. Topic of paper is
within scope of the course.
5 points Structure: The paper has an introduction, body, conclusion, and well-written transitions
between paragraphs. Historical material is presented in a logically cohesive way. Conclusion follows
from the thesis and supporting evidence. Word count within 1900-2100 range.
2
5 points Written Style: Sentence structure to the point, appropriate use of paragraphs and
foot/endnotes, formal (academic) style in mostly the third person, capitalization of proper nouns [e.g.:
names, places, book titles], use of italics, underline or boldface appropriately.
2.5 points Sources: At minimum the essay demonstrates a thorough reading of at least six different
sources. At least four of these sources must be material found through the search function of the
University of Toronto library system. Application of APA bibliographic style is clear and consistent for all
citations. Quotations from sources are appropriate. Analysis of a majority of sources is provided.
5 points Overall effort: Essay demonstrates original thinking and/or good overall effort. A paper in the
history of mathematics that lead the student to consider new questions or state a novel perspective on
their topic.
American Psychological Association (APA) bibliographic and citation conventions
Follow APA Style format for citations and references from sources:
https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples
Where to get started?
The MacTutor website for the history of mathematics can be a starting place. If you go to the bottom of
an article of interest click >References >show to see the source list for links. This is a good way to start
finding sources for your research, depending on your topic. It can be a useful place (and a more
rigorous/academic online source than Wikipedia) for history of mathematics: http://mathshistory.st-
andrews.ac.uk/
Essay Topics
Your essay should develop a perspective upon (thesis) about your topic. General descriptive overviews
are not useful. Evidence presented in the essay must always have relevance to your thesis claim. I also
encourage you to express yourself in your writing. Connect yourself in some way with your topic – this
makes your writing more meaningful. What interests you about the topic? Use this question as your
“way in” to finding a claim you want to make about it. What surprised you during your research?
Observations you make, that are unique to you, often lead you to the best thesis statements. Give us
your take on this discovery. Although your essay will contain factual material, it should be focused,
analytical and motivated by your argument about a particular view upon the given topic.
Is history just facts? No! It is interpretation of the facts that makes some historical essays exceptional.
3
HERE ARE THE TOPICS
ON QUERCUS I PROVIDE LINKS TO RESOURCES TO GET YOU STARTED ON EACH TOPIC AREA
1. Did the ancient Greeks interpret geometrical construction as proof of existence in
Euclid’s Elements?
2. Are proofs superior? Importance of proof and justification in mathematical tradition
3. Not a Computer: The Antikythera mechanism and ancient Greek astronomy
4. Decolonizing mathematics? Views from Ethnomathematics and Indigeneity
5. Navigating the Afterlife: Egyptian Star Maps and ancient astronomical knowledge
6. Heaven and Earth: Trigonometry and astronomy from Ptolemy’s Almagest to
Aryabhata’s Aryabhatiya
7. Magic squares, Seki Takakazu and Japan’s Wasan period of mathematics
8. Why have imaginary numbers? Invention of √-1 as a number
9. Keeping Secrets: Development of Vigenère cipher method of encryption
10. The Conceptual Invention of Symbolic Algebra: Francois Viète and the Analytic Art
11. A Shortcut to Laborious Multiplication: Napier's Invention of Logarithms
12. Monotonically Decreasing Yet Divergent: Oresme, Megoli and the Harmonic Series
13. Fermat-Pascal Correspondence and Invention of Probability
14. Indivisibles and Infinitestimals: Infinite Processes before the Invention of Calculus
15. What was the relationship between Newton's mathematics and his religious beliefs?
16. Mathematics in Renaissance Italy: Pacoli, Da Vinci and Fibbonaci
17. Visualization in Mathematics: Descartes and the X-Y Plane
… If you wish to write on a topic not listed you will need to talk to me about this in office hours
