kfRj
*Qm`b2rQ`F, b2MbQ` b2H2+iBQM
S`2bbm`2 b2MbQ`b r2`2 BMBiBHHv TH+2/ iQ #2 2p2MHv bT`2/X
! +M r2 `2KQp2 bQK2
b2MbQ`b\
! r?B+? b2MbQ`b +M #2
`2KQp2/ rBi?Qmi z2+iBM;
KQ/2H ++m`+v QM i2bi
/ib2i\
! r?B+? b2MbQ`b ?p2 i?2
#B;;2bi BKT+i QM KQ/2H
++m`+v\
Reservoir
Sensor

jfRj
S`QTQb2/ bi`i2;v
Ai2`iBp2 T`Q+2bb,
RX `2KQp2 QM2 b2MbQ` i i?2 iBK2 7`QK i`BM /ib2i
kX T2`7Q`K KQ/2H +HB#`iBQM mbBM; i?2 mT/i2/ i`BM /ib2i
jX +QKTmi2 KQ/2H 2``Q` QM i2bi /ib2i Ur?2`2 HH R9 b2MbQ`b `2
+QMbB/2`2/V
>Qr /Q r2 b2H2+i r?B+? b2MbQ`b iQ `2KQp2\ AM r?B+? Q`/2`\
9fRj
:`T? i?2Q`v
;`T? : = (o,1) Bb Ki?2KiB+H
bi`m+im`2- r?2`2,
! o Bb b2i Q7 Q#D2+ib Up2`iB+2bV
! 1 Bb b2i Q7 2/;2b /2b+`B#BM; i?2
`2HiBQM Q#D2+ib BM o
! r?2M i?2 2/;2b +M #2 +`Qbb2/ QMHv
BM QM2 /B`2+iBQM- r2 +HH :
/B`2+i2/ ;`T?
! Qi?2`rBb2- r2 bv i?i : Bb M
mM/B`2+i2/ ;`T?
8fRj
q.Lb b ;`T?b
ri2` /Bbi`B#miBQM M2irQ`F Bb `2T`2b2Mi2/ #v M mM/B`2+i2/ ;`T?
: = (o,1)- r?2`2,
! o Bb i?2 b2i Q7 M2irQ`F MQ/2b
! 1 Bb i?2 b2i Q7 M2irQ`F TBT2b
Reservoir
Sensor
efRj
"2ir22MM2bb +2Mi`HBiv
*QMbB/2` M mM/B`2+i2/ ;`T? : = (o,1)X
! b?Q`i2bi Ti? #2ir22M irQ MQ/2b b, i ∈ o Bb /2}M2/ b
Ti? +QMM2+iBM; b M/ i rBi? KBMBKmK MmK#2` Q7 2/;2bX
! #2ir22MM2bb +2Mi`HBiv K2bm`2b ?Qr Q7i2M 2+? MQ/2 TT2`b
QM b?Q`i2bi Ti? #2ir22M irQ MQ/2b BM i?2 ;`T?,
+(m) =
∑
b,i!=m
Mb,i(m)
Lb,i
r?2`2 Mb,i(m) Bb i?2 MmK#2` Q7 b?Q`i2bi Ti?b #2ir22M b M/ i
i?i Tbb2b i?`Qm;? m- r?BH2 Lb,i Bb i?2 iQiH MmK#2` Q7
b?Q`i2bi Ti?b #2ir22M b M/ iX
dfRj
"2ir22MM2bb +2Mi`HBiv BM ahEGM2i
3fRj
a2MbQ`b `MFBM;
! +QKTmi2 #2ir22MM2bb +2Mi`HBiv Q7 2+? b2MbQ`
! `MF b2MbQ`b BM b+2M/BM; Q`/2`
! b2[m2MiBHHv `2KQp2 QM2 b2MbQ` i i?2 iBK2 7`QK i?2 i`BM
/ib2i- bi`iBM; 7`QK i?2 b2MbQ` rBi? bKHH2bi pHm2 Q7
#2ir22MM2bb +2Mi`HBiv
! Q#iBM 14 /Bz2`2Mi b2MbQ` +QM};m`iBQMb 7Q` i?2 i`BM /ib2i
NfRj
S`QTQb2/ bi`i2;v
6Q` 2+? b2MbQ` +QM};m`iBQM,
! 7Q`KmHi2 i?2 T`Q#H2K Q7 ?v/`mHB+ KQ/2H T`K2i2`
2biBKiBQM U+HB#`iBQMV mbBM; i?2 mT/i2/ i`BM /i2b2i
! BKTH2K2Mi i?2 b2[m2MiBH +QMp2t T`Q;`KKBM; H;Q`Bi?K iQ
bQHp2 i?2 `2bmHiBM; QTiBKBbiBQM T`Q#H2K
! 2pHmi2 2``Q` QM i2bi /ib2i Ur?2`2 HH R9 b2MbQ`b `2
+QMbB/2`2/V
RyfRj
hbFb M/ [m2biBQMb
RX BKTH2K2Mi i?2 T`QTQb2/ bi`i2;v UT`2pBQmb bHB/2V
kX +QMbB/2` /Bz2`2Mi rvb iQ pBbmHBb2 i?2 `2bmHib U#QtTHQib-
+mKmHiBp2 /Bbi`B#miBQM 7mM+iBQM- 2i+XXXV
jX +QKK2Mi QM i?2 `2bmHib M/ KF2 `2+QKK2M/iBQMb QM r?B+?
b2MbQ`b b?QmH/ #2 F2TiX
9X +M vQm 2tTHBM r?v i?2 b2H2+i2/ b2MbQ`b `2 KQ`2 BKTQ`iMi
i?M Qi?2`b\
8X /Bb+mbb i?2 `2H2pM+2 Q7 vQm` b2MbQ` b2H2+iBQM 7Q` ?v/`mHB+
KQ/2Hb Q7 ri2` /Bbi`B#miBQM M2irQ`Fb
RRfRj
q2 ?p2 b?`2/ +Qm`b2rQ`F bQHmiBQM JiH# GBp2a+`BTi- r?2`2
bQK2 +Q/2 HBM2b `2 KBbbBM;X
! }HH@BM i?2 #HMF bT+2b iQ +``v Qmi i?2 /Bz2`2Mi ibFb
! // +Q/2- i2ti M/ BK;2b M2+2bb`v iQ pBbmHBx2 i?2 `2bmHib-
/2b+`B#2 bQHmiBQM K2i?Q/ M/ +QKK2Mi QM i?2 `2bmHib
! UQTiBQMHV 2tTHQ`2 Qi?2` bQHmiBQM bi`i2;B2b iQ BM/B+i2 r?B+?
b2MbQ`b +M #2 `2KQp2/ 7`QK i?2 M2irQ`F
! Qi?2` `MFBM; K2i`B+ 7Q` b2MbQ`bǶ +`BiB+HBiv\
! Qi?2` QTiBKBbiBQM K2i?Q/ 7Q` bQHpBM; i?2 T`K2i2`
2biBKiBQM T`Q#H2K\
RkfRj
bb2bbK2Mi +`Bi2`B
! eyW +Q``2+iM2bb Q7 i?2 bQHmiBQM M/ +Q/2 [mHBiv
! jyW /Bb+mbbBQM M/ BMi2`T`2iiBQM Q7 i?2 `2bmHib
! RyW 2zQ`i i?i ;Q2b #2vQM/ i?2 `2[mB`2K2Mi Q7 i?2
+Qm`b2rQ`F U2X;X pBbmHBbiBQM- BMp2biB;iBQM Q7 //BiBQMH
bi`i2;B2bXXXV
RjfRj
am#KBbbBQM
! 7i2` `mMMBM; i?2 +QKTH2i2/ GBp2a+BTi- 2tTQ`i Bi iQ T/7 }H2X
! am#KBi #Qi? i?2 GBp2a+`BTi M/ i?2 T/7 }H2 iQ i?2 HBMF TQbi2/
QM "H+F#Q`/
! am#KBbbBQM #v Ry K QM kefyjfkykR
















































































































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